12/20/2023 0 Comments Amphetamine psychosis![]() a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Methamphetamine is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to increase energy has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days while binging the drug. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid mood swings, stimulant psychosis (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. At very high doses, it can induce psychosis, breakdown of skeletal muscle, seizures and bleeding in the brain. In low to moderate doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. ![]() While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is illicitly produced more often, owing to the relative ease of synthesis and regulatory limits of chemical precursor availability. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, owing to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled nasal decongestant in the United States. The highest prevalence of illegal methamphetamine use occurs in parts of Asia and Oceania, and in the United States, where racemic methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are classified as schedule II controlled substances. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine.īoth racemic methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are illicitly trafficked and sold owing to their potential for recreational use. Methamphetamine is rarely prescribed over concerns involving human neurotoxicity and potential for recreational use as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer substitute drugs with comparable treatment efficacy such as Adderall and Vyvanse. Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the hydrochloride salt, commonly called crystal meth, is widely used. ![]() Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. The risk was identified across all age groups, particularly in women and in those arrested multiple times, and was inversely correlated with rehabilitation treatments for amphetamine misuse.Methamphetamine (contracted from N- methylamphetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. We also observed a significant decrease in the risk of psychosis in patients receiving rehabilitation treatments during deferred prosecution (adjusted HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.89).Ĭonclusions: Illicit amphetamine use was associated with an increased incidence of psychosis. A greater hazard ratio (HR) magnitude was observed in female patients. ![]() The risk was higher for subjects with multiple arrests for amphetamine use. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the effects of amphetamine, and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative psychosis incidence curves.įindings: Illicit amphetamine users were 5.28 times more likely to experience psychosis than those without illicit drug use records. The incidence rate of newly diagnosed psychosis was the main outcome. ![]() We identified 74 601 illicit amphetamine users as the amphetamine cohort and 2 98 404 subjects as the non-amphetamine cohort. Study selection and analysis: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the population based Taiwan Illicit Drug Issue Database (TIDID) and the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), from 2007 to 2016. We aimed to investigate the incidence of psychosis associated with illicit amphetamine use and whether rehabilitation treatments could influence the psychosis risk. ISSUP National Chapters' Advisory CommitteeĪmphetamine use is a risk factor for psychosis, which imposes a substantial burden on society.Basic Counseling Skills Mentorship Course.Outstanding Contribution to ISSUP Award.International Conference 2021 (Virtual). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |